Anatomically, what layers do spinal and epidural anesthesia needles need to pass through from the skin to the anesthesia site, and how to prevent the drop in blood pressure and postoperative headaches?

Skin, subcutaneous tissue, supraspinous ligament, interspinous ligament, ligamentum flavum, dura mater, arachnoid. Epidural anesthesia is puncture into the epidural space, and spinal anesthesia is subarachnoid.

Dosage, adjustment of body position, puncture point and fluid volume can all affect changes in blood pressure. The cause of headache is intracranial hypotension. The treatment method is to lie down with the head down, rehydration, and if severe headache cannot be relieved by general treatment, 5ml of autologous blood can be drawn for subarachnoid injection. , the effect is exact.

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